The first stupidity to hedge? The parts of the AI bubble that haven't already starting bursting ...
What are examples of economic/financial (irrational) STUPIDITY to hedge against with gold (or silver) especially easily tradeable GLD or SLV?Click here for a table of stock charts for: ▸ GLD v. AI Stocks: 'Death of Stupidity Crosses'
Gold as the AI-Bubble-Stupidity Burst Detector
The AI ETF: ▸ Gold v. AIQ. From its launch in 2018, the AIQ ETF that invests in AI and BigTech has pretty much TRACKED gold - a freakin lump of metal with no economic rent - while AI companies invested over $1+ trillion across eight years - yet can't generate profits to outperform rent-less gold? There are multiple stupidities lurking here in the AI bubble.
The 'winter' crash/burst is coming.
Unlike PR departments with EBITDA, the numbers don't lie. Look at the charts. From 2005 (after the DotCom crash) until 2015, GLD outperformed QQQ as the tech industry licked its wounds. From 2015 to 2022, the QQQ - recovered - hunting for its next bubble and outperforming gold. In 2023, it found its next bubble - AI, with QQQ even more so outperforming GLD. No more!
The 'winter' crash/burst is coming.
On 6-year's and less timeframes, GLD has already crossed above the QQQ (another reason AI is a bubble). On 20-year and 10-year timeframes, QQQ appears to be peaking, while gold continues to rise to catch up and cross above. Watch for this crossover of the 10-year and 15-year charts. Also watch credit default swaps (for example, one canary in the AI-bubble mine is SoftBack, whose shares are declining in price as its CDS rates are increasing):
CHARTS
5-years gold (>) v. QQQ and 2.5-years gold (>) v. QQQ - QQQ underperforming GLD
20-years gold v. (<) QQQ and 10-years gold v. (<) QQQ - QQQ still outperforming GLD
- Currencies Debased by Politicians - gold has outperformed most currencies for decades - short the currency, go long gold. 31 March 2026: ▸ Europe debases its silver coins as prices surge. Politicians spending trillions their countries don't have just worsens inflation, continuing the debasement. See gold versus currencies chart below. And other political games not good for currencies: March 2026: ▸ Nihon considers shorting oil futures to prop up the crashing yen. And weak currencies can create more demand for gold, which can help push up the price of gold. Stablecoins backed by government bonds will further debase fiat currencies (i.e., if they worsen inflation by effectively printing money by buying Treasury bonds to back their coins). One way to hedge with gold against is with ETFs, for example, the WisdomTree Physical Gold - Euro Daily Hedged ETF, traded in Italy, profitable since 2015. 08 April 2026: ▸ 8 key indicators for the collapse of the USA dollar.
- Debt-ridden Countries - again, short the currency, and go long gold. Politicians, most unable to manage businesses, let alone national economies, of all parties, borrow borrow borrow to spend spend spend. The USA has a national debt of 100% of GDP and borrowed $1 trillion in the first five month of 2026. Fortune (March 2026): "The national debt of the USA is not $39 trillion. One economist says that the USA national debt is $100 trillion. And the debt could get worse: A 'debt spiral' in the USA could start soon as the interest rate on government borrowing (now averaging 3.3%) is poised to exceed economic growth (growth predicted to be at 3.8% in 2027). And ▸ the USA is more and more addicted to debt spending. USA Treasury Bonds are providing more evidence that they are no longer safe havens/hedges during times of crisis, more formerly argued in Treasury Bonds are losing their convenience yield. As a side note, there is also stock market margin debt, which since 1998 has tracked the SPY/QQQ - both bubbled with borrowing.
- Stock Market Bubble Detectors - stock market bubbles rely on multiple financial stupidities, such as the fraudulent debt/derivative instruments used to inflate the real estate bubble that burst in 2008. The current AI bubble is based on multiple social (job destruction, slop, gambling), criminal (Napster-like infringement) and financial (bubble pumped with $1 trillion+ in debt) stupidities, and will burst. Meanwhile, gold chugs along over the years. When the bubble crosses gold, time to short and buy puts. For the tech bubble, this is QQQ versus GLD. From 2005 (after the DotCom crash) until 2015, GLD outperformed QQQ as the tech industry licked its wounds. From 2015 to 2022, the QQQ - recovered - hunting for its next bubble and outperforming gold. In 2023, it found its next bubble - AI, with QQQ even more so outperforming GLD. Using 20-year and 10-year timeframes, QQQ appears to be peaking, while gold continues to rise to catch up. Watch for a crossover of the 10-year and 15-year. On 6-year's and less timeframes, GLD has already crossed-over QQQ (another reason AI is a bubble). Also watch credit default swaps.
20-years gold versus (<) QQQ, 10-years gold versus (<) QQQ, 5-years gold (>) versus QQQ, 2.5-years gold (>) versus QQQ- Non-innovative Companies - there are companies (even with lots of crappy patents) that can't innovate, and tend to underperform both the SPY and gold, many bubbling their stock prices with stock buybacks. While AI companies pumped their bubble with $700 billion in CapEx in 2026, corporations in general ▸ spent about $1 trillion on stock buybacks in 2025. So short these company's stocks, and buy gold. Classic example is Toshiba: huge patent portfolio, but its stock was flat for decades, had to be put out of its misery by being taken private. See our lengthy list of such companies: Can't Beat SPY/GLD. Note: it is interesting that this innovation hedge is not discussed much, especially the patent aspect. KukaXoco maintains extensive databases on (the lack of) patent quality. Actually, it is not hard to beat the vast majority of stocks with gold. A March 2026 business school study of stock returns from 1926 to 2025, ▸ just 46 publicly traded companies accounted for half of the $91 trillion in net wealth creation in the stock markets in the last 100 years.
Hedgeable non-innovation is measurable by the worthlessness of over 80% of patents. Kukaxoco Finance has collected large amounts of information on low-to-no quality/worth patents that are a direct measure of the lack of innovation in the tech sector. ▸ One area of non-innovation/worthless-patents are software patents, including AI patents. The vast majority of these patents are worth less than the money spent to acquire the patents, reflecting their general lack of innovation, and a patent system hostile to innovators.- Private Equity Firms - private equity has a horrible social reputation (type "evil private equity" into any search engine), for example, Private Equity is Out of Control and Looting America, and Not all private equity firms are evil, but these five are especially troublesome. But social morality is long dead on Wall Street, so the question is, how well do they do as investments? Well, as the graph below shows, while private equity has outperformed the SPY in the last 25 years, in the last ten years, the model has started failing, as its returns are converging to the SPY. Since GLD has much outperformed the SPY, gold could be a hedge against private equity, if it was possible to short such companies. You can't in general, but there are some publicly traded private equity companies, such as Blackstone (BX). Up and until 2021, BX outperformed gold. But since then, it has underperformed GLD. From 2020 to February 2026, GLD was up about 250%, while BX was up about 125%. Much the same with KKR, TPG, CG, and APO.
- Junk Bonds - junk bonds are bonds issued by troubled companies that typically offer higher yields for the higher risk. One junk bond fund is the iShares Broad USD High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, with about a 7% yield and $26 billion in assets, representative of the ilk. From January 2020 to April 2026, the ETF is down about 10%, though assuming it paid out 7% throughout, it would be up about 150%. In the same time period, GLD is up 193%. Nice hedge.
- 2020s' Private Credit Bubble - about 20 years after Wall Street shenanigans (to be polite) caused the Fiscal Crisis of 2008, Wall Street engaged in the same shenigans (with a similar market crisis to come) with private credit ventures. And while the 2008 crisis much exploited shady/criminal real estate debt instruments, the private credit bubble doubled down, in significant part, by exploiting real estate linked to AI data centers and dinosauric software companies. Since gold hedges against both (above), it can be a good hedge against the private credit bubble. Proof? From January 1 to April 1 of 2026 (from Reuters), ▸ alternative asset managers tied to private credit have declined 20% to 40%, while gold is up 8%. CNBC, 06 April 2026: ▸ The boom/[bubble] in building AI data centers gives insurance companies a 'stress test' as private capital floods in.
- Corporate Crimes - one good use of gold is hedging the AI bubble/companies, because they aren't [non-financially] innovative enough for organic profits to prop up P/E ratios. So how are they making some of their money? Crimes! See our database of ▸ over $1 trillion of fines/settlements for crimes committed by Bit Tech, AI and/or social media companies. Speaking of which, how useful are cryptocurrencies as hedges against such crimes? Not very useful, for the crimes of that industry. See our database of ▸ $300+ billion of cryptocurency crimes, fines and settlements.
- Drug Trafficking Companies - which includes companies trafficking deadly/highly-addictive nicotine, alcohol (fermented sugar), sugar (sugary beverages kill more people than cocaine), cellphone apps, marijuana, guns, and gambling. You would think these would be big profit generators - geesh, they are selling pleasureable, addictive (chemical or digital) drugs!!!!, but most of these companies across the decades can't beat SPY or gold. Short the company's stock, and go long gold (and use some of your profits to buy some nice Kentucky bourbon). See our list of such companies: Drugs, Dopamine, Gambling & Guns. This theory fails for one set of drug traffickers - cellphone companies with online stores selling addictive apps - one reason all other drugs are becoming less profitable - little is more pleasurable than digital dopamine generating apps (which includes sycophantic chatbots).
- Volatility Hedging - here is a weird one. Not sure what it means, or how to use it, but it works well. VIX is the very popular volatility index, measuring the volatility in the prices of SP500 companies. When something troubles the markets, and stocks go crazy, VIX shoots up to 30/40/50/60, though much of the time, it oscillates around 20. Here is a system (if you can make it rigorous, let me know). ▸ When ever the VIX index has a 'Death Cross' (goes below) with GLD, sell VIX Call options (or more safely buy VIX Put options), and buy GLD.
- Real Estate - this is a weird one. In general, real state has a good reputation, especially in the past for those buying their single-family homes. Definitely a physically solid investment. So you would think that it does not need to be hedged. But real estate has gotten whacked four times times in the last 20 years: the 2008 market crash due to CDS on mortgages (a fraudulent stupidity), the Covid epidemic destroying the value of commercial real estate (the stupidity of regulator excess), global heating causing more environmental destruction of real estate (the stupidity of climate change denial) and from a combination of multiple factors (insurance, taxes, tariffs, AI, etc.) causing supply disruptions in the housing and office market. Can gold be a hedge? Consider the Vanguard Real Estate ETF, with $37 billion in assets - a good proxy. From 2005 to 2025, VNG was up about 100%, GLD up about 1000% - good hedge. From 2014 to 2022, VNG much tracked GLD - a safe hedge. And from 2022 to February 2026, VNG is up about 30% while GLD is up 300%. Gold seems to be a reasonable hedge at least against REITs. A graph below shows gold outperforming the Case-Shiller Real Estate Index (as well as the SP500, tech stocks, and bonds). A silly article from Motley Fool inspires a gold hedge (April 2026): ▸ FRT - the most reliable high-yield REIT. Yeah, compared to what? Well, from 2009 to 2020, FRT much tracked GLD (though slightly better with a 4% dividend). But since 2022, FRT is down about 16% (wiping out its dividend), while GLD is up over 160%. Yeah, gold can be an effective hedge for real estate investments.
- Fine Art and Jewelry - off and on over the years, fine art and jewelery are suggested/used as an investment hedge: CNBC, March 2026: ▸ wealthy customers are turning to jewelry as an investment, especially colored gemstones, though sub-headilne mentions: "lofty gold prices have reinforced jewelry's reputation as a long-term store of value". I offer two data points. First is a ▸ stock chart of Signet Jewelers from 2007 to 2026. It hsa greatly underperformed gold from 2017, when it had a 'Death Cross' - a reasonable representative of jewelry trading. Second is a chart of the ▸ stock chart of the Pricing Culture Securitized Art Index from 2022 to 2026. Again, significantly underperformed GLD. Like anything else, sharp investors can make big profits. Stick with pure gold if you don't have either 'Indiana' or 'Jones' in your name.
- Central Bank Moneyprinting - also referred to as quantitative easing (bond buying with newly created money), when done outside the central bank is called countrerfeiting. Usually causes inflation, hedged by gold. Ironically, in 1324, Mansa Musa (the ruler of Mali) distributed so much gold in Cairo (on the way to Mecca) that it depressed the price in Egypt for over a decade, causing high inflation (nothing ever changes!). See How quantitative easing drives gold prices higher. The Federal Reserve has over 100 papers on gold, but stupidly, none on stupidity. However, smart central banks can use gold reserves to reduce the credit default swaps of their country. And you can use gold as a central bank hedge: how gold hedges policy uncertainty when Fed ledership changes And this will worsen if stablecoins can offer interest, and buy trillions in Treasury Bonds (eagerly sold) to back their coins.
- Central Bank Negative Interest Rates - one criticism of gold is that it has no 'return', it pays no interest/dividend - that it sites there and collects dust. But in some instances, it does offer a 'return' (borrow at negative interest rates, buy gold, collect the differential). When central banks establish negative interest rates, gold doing nothing can offer a 'return', especially if the negative interest rates don't act as 'cocaine' in the stock market. And gold can express expectations about liquidity and counterparty risk.
Gold as a hedge breaks down when the Federal Reserve sets interest rates real low (< 1.0%) to give the stock market some financial 'cocaine' (recently most notably after the Financial Crisis of 2008, and the Covid epidemic of 2020). While gold doesn't lose value, it doesn't appreciate much to act as a hedge. You can switch to stocks as a hedge, until the Fed withdraws its 'cocaine'. A nice chart at: Gold versus Fed Funds Rate - 2001 to 2024, at Kinesis.money. Out of curiosity, instead of the Fed lowering interest rates to near-zero as 'financial' cocaine (inflationary), how about the DEA temporarily legalizing real cocaine (non-inflationary, and less addictive than alcohol and nicotine)? A hypothetical for the Freakonomics guys. A nice table of interest rates and gold appreciation (note the lackluster gold price appreciation during the Fed's 0% rate regime):
from: Interest rates and gold prices, Zero Hedge, 24 March 2026.
- Predatory Industries - this one is a bit entertaining, though sadly, with profitable gold hedges. BuzzFeed has a March 2026 article: ▸ The world economy would literally crumble if we all woke up tomorrow and chose violence against these predatory industries. These include: the kid travel sports industry, natural diamonds (hedgeable), tax preparation companies, school photos (hedgeable), life/business coaches, $8 greeting cards, influencer industry (wish it was hedgeable), private equity (hedgeable), state of Utah (basically the Mormon Church with more money than their Jesus allows), oil and gas industry (hedgeable), software industry (hurry up and hedge before it collapses), chiropractors, health insurance companies (hedgeable - "profit by maximizing human suffering", advertising (hedgeable because of AI connection), beauty industry (hedgeable), ticket resale middlemen (their stocks are hedgeable, vitamin supplement companies - GNC is owned by Harbin, hedgeable), luxury fashion (hedgeable), cryptocurrency (hedgeable), and any company using AI service-bots: "Anyone who has ever used an AI customer service bot can tell you how terrible AI is. I have literally never had one give me a helpful answer (hedgeable - see our AI hedging page).
- Useless Industries - another enteraining Buzzfeed article, though again sadly, with profitable gold hedges. From 05 April 2026: ▸ People are revealing industries that provide "zero value" to society, but make billions of dollars. These include: health insurance companies (hedgeable), TurboTax (and other tax tool companies - hedgeable), sports betting (hedgeable), USA private sector prisons (CXW from 2005 to 2026 is up a total of 57%, GLD up 900%), real estate agents, patent trolls (defeatable with patent insurance), alternative medicine companies (hedgeable), pharmacy benefit managers (hedgeable), the American religious industry ($1.2 trillion/year taken from believers), private equity and consultants telling you to fire workers (hedgeable), social media influencers, MLM companies (hedgeable), papparazzi, reseller/scalpers, and the tobacco industry (hedgeable).
- Luxury Watches - since others talk about, why not here? EHL Insights has one set of data (see graph below) of the annual returns of various assets from 2019 to 2025. Gold and stocks up about 13%/year, outperforming luxury watches (up 5.7% year), which outperformed fixed income and real estate. So, luxury watches can be a reasonable investment. Their main downside is illiquidity - not a lot of such watches are regularly bought and sold (kind of like private equity investments :-). Due to Trump's war with Iran, ▸ shares of luxury stocks have fallen more than 15%, while gold has fallen by only 13% (27 March 2026, a slight hedge), and gold prices will more quickly recover.
- Diminishing Trust in USA/Europe - veteran financial analyst Edward Yardani predicts that gold will continue to rise, and not because as an inflation hedge. But rather as a hedge against the bullying financial tactics of the USA and Europe. "Yardeni traced the origins of gold's bull run ... ▸ to the moment that the USA and Europe froze nearly $300 billion in reserves of the central bank of Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.". This is one reason why central banks are removing their gold from vaults in the USA and Europe, and spending their dollars and euros buying gold. ▸ Even state governments in the USA are building gold reserves.
- War - quoting Clausewitz, "war is the continuation of politics with other means". If the politicians are too stupid to well manage politics, they will do worse with the bigger stupidity of most wars. Making gold a hedge during wartimes: Gold as a hedge: understanding wealth preservation duing war through historical examples, as war destroys the value of currencies, such as the German Mark post-World War I, the Continental Dollar by the end of the American Revolution, the Ruble during the Russian Revolution, the Yuan during the Chinese Revolution, etc. During World War I, the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the USA national debt was 56%. During World War II, the CAGR was 36%. The USA spent $8 trillion on its wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and achieved nothing. The USA is projected to spend a similar amount in its 2026 war with Iran, and probably will achieve nothing. All with borrowed money. The dollar will go down more, and gold rise more. 31 March 2026 (The Week): Could the Iran war pop the AI bubble?. In an interesting overlap of debt-ridden countries (above) and war, Barron's has an interesting article: ▸ How Jay Cooke's sales of $1.3 billion (about $30 billion in 2026) in USA government bonds help end the Civil War in the USA - (it unloaded a lot of government debt).
- 'Argentinas' - Argentina has defaulted on its bonds nine times since 1816. It is the largest debtor of the IMF (including borrowing $57 billion in 2018). Peron's state protectionism wreck economic havoc in the 1940s and 1950s (more but lesser havoc later under the Kirchners). Continual periods of high inflation. RCM (March 2026): Argentina lets oil/gas litigation pride get in the way of its economic future. Almost unfair to hedge against it with gold. See: gold versus Argentine peso below. Turkey is another poorly-run country you can hedge against with gold: since 2016, gold is up 6000% against the Turkish lira. Other countries with horrible currency values versus the dollar (and worse against gold), include: Lebanon, Iran, Indonesia, and Argentina's neighbor Paraguay.
- Countries Run by the Military or Religious People - never leads to real economic growth (unless the country controls a lot of oil). Short the currency, and go long gold. But if possible, probably good returns investing in companies controlled by a secular military (e.g., Cuba) or a religious miiltary (e.g, Iran's IRGC - the Iranian rial is down 99% since 1979 when religious forces took control of Iran; see also Egypt whose pound is down huge against gold in recent decades). See, for example, Transparency International's Military-owned businesses: corruption and risk reform (2012). And the USA's war with Iran in 2026 ▸ will further weaken the petrodollar system createed by Nixon, also to be hedged in the long run with gold. See our analysis of ▸ 9 religious/spiritual ETFs that are scams that underperform the SPY and GLD.
- Dividend Bullshit Detection - gold isn't a hedge against dividends (though gold outpeforms many companies with dividends). But it is a good bullshit detector for articles on dividends. Consider the following headline (Motley Fool, March 2026): ▸ Want decades of passive income? But Schwab's ETF and hold it forever". The article is refering to the Schwab USA Dividend Equity ETF. You can say the same about gold. From 2014 to 2025, SCHD pretty much tracked gold. Now SCHD has a few percent dividend, but there are ways to earn the same with gold (covered calls, lending). My point is, when you see these click-bait dividend headlines, avoid them. They are not providing serious advice.
All of these beneficial hedge uses of gold - not bad for what the great economist John Maynard Keynes called a "barbarous relic".
Given its power as a stupidity hedge, gold has earned the right to ▸ give the financial markets the Goldfinger.
Profound thought of the day: anything that gold can hedge against, can be and should be replaced with generative AI systems, for requiring too little smarts to be worth a salary. CNBC: An automated Fed? Don't rule it out in 2039, and this written was in 2014. By 2029, with LLM AI.
gold has been reliably traded for 5000 years (starting with the Egyptians and Greeks),
gold mostly has no transaction costs when exchanged as denominated coins,
gold mostly needs no energy for use in transactions, as opposed bitcoin, which in energy shortages, is one reason an economist ▸ predicts that the value of bitcoin will plummet to $10,000,
gold has ▸ limited downside returns compared to other metals and stock market indexes (see graph below)
gold is less volatile/drawdowns than bitcoin - gold has never lost more than 45% in a single drawdown, while bitcoin has four times lost more than 50% since 2017
gold is as smart as Warren Buffett (since 2017, the very intelligently managed Berkshire Hathway has tracked the price of unintelligent gold)
gold is not 'printable' by reckless governments,
the gold standard as a currency value reference is argued (not by Nixon and his petrodollars) to be a solid economic practice,
gold is bought by central banks by the tons for their reserves. Apollo Global has a nice set of graphs on ▸ central bank (China, India) buying of gold (April 2026). Also, for the first since in the last 30 years, ▸ foreign central banks hold more gold than USA Treasury Bonds,
gold is used a collateral for a loan (e.g., by central banks), by selling physical gold and buy it back by swap agreements, effectively a gold-collateralized USD loan, a source of cheap dollar using gold as collateral
gold has a potential hidden bonus for gold owners - if the USA Treasury ever raises the values of the USA's gold holdings (currently valued at a very low $42/ounce), governed by the ▸ Gold Reserve Act of 1934. November 2025: ▸ Revaluing USA gold reserves comes with pros and cons
gold is owned by all (from a gold coin, to a gold bar, to a gold mine),
gold can now be bought along with 100 rolls of toilet paper, CNBC: how to buy gold from Costco (and also on Amazon) and Costco gold bars spark viral buzz and raise valuation questions,
gold is easily and simply transported with no fees (if needed, since a bar of gold is now worth about $2 million) - and gold can be lent and borrowed and sold - except during Middle East Wars :-),
gold is a respected measure of value across all cultures and economic systems including Shariah compliant gold funds for Islamic investors,
gold cannot be synthesized (which is destroying the market value of natural diamonds - which are more common in nature),
gold is a valuable asset during times of conflict,
gold has no maintenance costs (other than a vault),
gold assays (testing purity) are cheap and easy (you can buy a kit on Amazon for $40),
gold works when there is no electicity or internet,
gold industry doesn't need to spend $100 million to buy policitians in 2026 elections to be profitable, as is the AI industry
gold is not based on a lie (unlike cryptocurrencies and their foundational lie of being needed for anti-tyrannical decentralized trust - instead becoming a tool for centralized tokenized tyranny by the most untrustworthy),
gold is an essential conductor in electronic circuits,
gold has medical uses (can reduce inflammation and slow some immune-mediated diseases),
gold inspired modern chemistry (due to alchemists trying to convert lead into gold),
gold demonstrates Einstein's special relativity in your hand (it doesn't have a silver color like silver because gold's electrons move faster than those of silver) and is the child of fusing neutron stars - (not of relevance financially, buy hey, everybody, learn some physics), and
goldy is godly as it is mentioned 400 times in the Bible. "The name of the first river from Eden is Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold (The gold of that land is good.)" - Genesis 2:11; interestingly, gold is mentioned only 10 times in the Koran,
gold, admittedly, is an illegal immigrant originating in outer space,
GOLD - THE HEDGE AGAINST LYING
Gold has one more benefit - it doesn't lie. Sure, along with silver, it can be manipulated (like when the ▸ Hunt brothers tried to manipulate the silver market), but it doesn't lie. And hard to lie with gold, given the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of gold assays. It doesn't lie - unlike stock brokers, politicians, central bankers (especially those who don't regularly audit their gold reserves), corporate PR departments, Koolaid financial reporters, and others. Since lying is generally stupid, this makes gold as much The LYING HEDGE.
long-time gold advocate - Peter Schiff's Blog
gold broker/dealer - JM Bullion
gold broker/dealer - Von Greyerz on gold
gold broker/dealer - Sprott Money (news)
gold broker/dealer - GoldCore blog
gold broker/dealer - Gold Market (France)
gold news service - GoldFix (substack)
precious metals broker - Kitco (its gold news)
industry organization - World Gold Organization
storage services - Bullion Vault
| Year | Gold Price Per Ounce |
Gold Bars Bought With $1 Million |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | $19 | 52,743 |
| 1970 | $36 | 27,762 |
| 1980 | $615 | 1626 |
| 1990 | $383 | 2,607 |
| 2000 | $279 | 3582 |
| 2010 | $1224 | 816 |
| 2020 | $1770 | 565 |
| 2026 | $5185 | 193 |
